Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the powerhouses of photosynthetic cells. The oxidation‐
reduction (redox) cascades of the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains …

Active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in various aspects of seed physiology. Their
generation, which occurs during seed desiccation, germination and ageing, may lead to …

Soluble sugars, especially sucrose, glucose, and fructose, play an obviously central role in
plant structure and metabolism at the cellular and whole-organism levels. They are involved …

Guard cells perceive a variety of chemicals produced metabolically in response to abiotic
and biotic stresses, integrate the signals into reactive oxygen species and calcium …

It is now clear that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and nitric oxide (NO) function as signalling
molecules in plants. A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses results in H 2 O 2 generation …

Recent biochemical and genetic studies confirm that hydrogen peroxide is a signalling
molecule in plants that mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Signalling roles for …

Peroxisomes account for~ 35% of total H2O2 generation in mammalian tissues. Peroxisomal
ACOX 1 (acyl‐CoA oxidase 1) is the first and rate‐limiting enzyme in fatty acid β‐oxidation …

Plants often face the challenge of severe environmental conditions, which include various
biotic and abiotic stresses that exert adverse effects on plant growth and development …

Higher plants growing in natural environments experience various abiotic stresses. H2O2
and nitric oxide (NO) free radicals are produced and cause oxidative damage to plants …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2− and H2O2, play a key role in plant
metabolism, cellular signaling, and defense. In leaf cells, the chloroplast is considered to be …