CD4 T cells play a critical role in regulating CD8 T-cell responses during chronic viral
infection. Several studies in animal models and humans have shown that the absence of …

Both CD4+ T cell help and IL-2 have been postulated to “program” activated CD8+ T cells for
memory cell development. However, the linkage between these two signals has not been …

ABSTRACT A detailed characterization of the dynamics and breadth of the immune
response to an acute viral infection, as well as the determinants of recruitment to …

Viral infections cause an immunological disequilibrium that provokes CD8 T cell responses.
These cells play critical roles in purging acute infections, limiting persistent infections, and …

Traditionally, autoimmune pathogeneses have been attributed to CD4+ T lymphocytes, as in
multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and/or to B …

A key determinant of the therapeutic potency of adoptive T-cell transfer is the extent to which
infused cells can persist and expand in vivo. Ex vivo propagated virus-specific and chimeric …

Generation of a robust immunological memory response is essential for protection on
subsequent encounters with the same pathogen. The magnitude and quality of the memory …

Naive and memory T cells are maintained in a quiescent state, yet capable of rapid
response and differentiation to antigen challenge via molecular mechanisms that are not …

In clinical trials of adoptive T-cell therapy, the persistence of transferred cells correlates with
therapeutic efficacy. However, properties of human T cells that enable their persistence in …

Acute viral encephalitis requires rapid pathogen elimination without significant bystander
tissue damage. In this article, we show that IL-10, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, is …