Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are
synthesized by hepatocytes from cholesterol and are involved in the osmotic process that …

Introduction The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the best-recognized disorder of gut brain
interactions (DGBI). However, it is controversial if the Rome IV criteria iteration for IBS …

Introduction Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) can occur due to disruption to the enterohepatic
circulation, eg following cholecystectomy. Post-cholecystectomy diarrhoea has been …

Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and divided
into five groups. Mice in three groups were administered 0.5 mL of 25%, 50%, or 100% of …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a physiologically relevant
approach that integrates drug-specific and system parameters to generate pharmacokinetic …

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is reported to be an important pathogen associated with calf
diarrhea. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) pose a …

Introduction Acute gastrointestinal cramping pain (GICP) is a debilitating condition that
affects many people worldwide, significantly reducing their quality of life. As such, prompt …

Crohn's disease (CD) is a presentation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that manifests in
childhood and adolescence and involves chronic and severe enterocolitis, immune and gut …

Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is a multifaceted intestinal disorder involving intricate molecular
mechanisms, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 …

Fecal incontinence is the involuntary passage or the incapacity to control the release of fecal
matter through the anus. It is a condition that significantly impairs quality of life in those that …