Biofouling increases drag on marine vessels resulting in higher fuel consumption and can
also facilitate the transport of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS). Antifouling …

Antifouling (AF) biocides are the active ingredients in AF paints that prevent the settlement,
adhesion and growth of organisms to a painted surface. A wide range of chemicals are used …

This review presents a comprehensive compilation of toxicological and environmental data,
further used to assess the ecological risk (ERA) of the 11 EU approved antifouling biocides …

This review summarized booster biocides studies from Latin America and the Caribbean
during the last two decades. Studies were focused on six countries, with most of them in …

Managing the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on coral reefs is highly dependant on
effective strategies to assess degradation and recovery. We used five years of field data in …

Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole
(TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc …

Pesticides are compounds which can affect human, environmental and aquatic system
health. Therefore, the detection and determination of these compounds at trace level …

The starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis has been recently established as a new
model system for the study of the evolution of developmental processes, as cnidaria occupy …

Marinas have ceased to be ports dedicated exclusively to recreational boating and nautical
sports. Nowadays, marinas offer a variety of services that complement the tourist offering of …

Antifouling agents have been used on vessels and boats since ancient civilizations. Thus, a
brief history on the three generations of antifouling paints was provided in the present …