Coastal eutrophication caused by anthropogenic nutrient inputs is one of the greatest threats
to the health of coastal estuarine and marine ecosystems worldwide. Globally,∼ 24% of the …

Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic organisms which occur in aquatic and terrestrial
environments. They have the potential to produce toxins which pose a threat to human and …

Cyanobacterial blooms, which refer to the massive growth of harmful cyanobacteria, have
altered the global freshwater ecosystems during the past decades. China has the largest …

Human and ecological health depends on the vitality of freshwater systems, but these are
increasingly threatened by cyanotoxins released from harmful algal blooms (HABs). Periodic …

Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms considered as important contributors to the
formation of Earth's atmosphere and nitrogen fixation. However, they are also frequently …

Microcystis spp., are Gram-negative, oxygenic, photosynthetic prokaryotes which use solar
energy to convert carbon dioxide (CO 2) and minerals into organic compounds and …

Animal studies provide strong evidence of positive associations between microcystins (MCs)
exposure and reproductive toxicity, representing a threat to human reproductive health and …

Microcystins are natural hepatotoxic metabolites secreted by cyanobacteria in aquatic
ecosystems. When present at elevated concentrations, microcystins can affect water quality …

Saxitoxin (STX) and its 57 analogs are a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids,
commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are the causative agents of …

Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population
concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites …