Natural bacterial transformation involves the internalization and chromosomal integration of
DNA and has now been documented in∼ 80 species. Recent advances have established …

Bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to widespread antibiotic
resistance among pathogens. This review aims to give an overview of the major horizontal …

The discovery of CRISPR–Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–
CRISPR-associated proteins) adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes has been one of the …

Horizontal gene transfer is important in the evolution of bacterial and archaeal genomes. An
interesting genetic exchange process is carried out by diverse phage-like gene transfer …

Genetic exchange plays a defining role in the evolution of many bacteria. The recent
accumulation of nucleotide sequence data from multiple members of diverse bacterial …

Microbes and microbiology are seldom encountered in philosophical accounts of the life
sciences. Although microbiology is a well-established science and microbes the basis of life …

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global concern in the field of medicine as it renders
bacterial infections difficult to treat and often more severe. Acinetobacter baumannii is a …

Bacterial communities are often heavily consumed by microfaunal predators, such as
protozoa and nematodes. Predation is an important cause of mortality and determines the …

Bacterial genomics is flourishing, as whole-genome sequencing has become affordable,
readily available and rapid. As a result, it has become clear how frequently horizontal gene …

The four natural DNA bases (A, T, G and C) associate in base pairs (A= T and G≡ C),
allowing the attached DNA strands to assemble into the canonical double helix of DNA (or …