Xanthine oxidase (XO) contributes to oxidative stress and vascular disease. Hyperuricemia
and gout are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a population at …

Background: Febuxostat is recommended as 1 of 2 first–line urate–lowering therapies (ULT)
for treating gout in the 2012 American College of Rheumatology Guidelines. Several efficacy …

Allopurinol, widely used in gout treatment, is the most common cause of severe cutaneous
adverse drug reactions. The risk of developing such life-threatening reactions is increased …

Aims The aims of the study were to: 1) determine if a plasma oxypurinol concentration–
response relationship or an allopurinol dose–response relationship best predicts the dose …

Abstract Background and Objective Previously, we developed a pharmacokinetic-
pharmacodynamic model of allopurinol, oxypurinol, and biomarkers, hypoxanthine …

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are found in most rivers facing
sewage input worldwide. This study investigated the occurence of 116 PPCPs in the Elbe …

The clinical signs and symptoms of gout reflect inflammatory responses to monosodium
urate crystals deposited in tissues from extracellular fluids saturated for urate. 1 …

Background and objective: Combination therapy with allopurinol and probenecid is used to
treat tophaceous gout in patients who do not respond sufficiently to allopurinol alone …

In this study, a polydopamine (PDA)-modified hollow fiber-immobilized xanthine oxidase
(XOD) was prepared for screening potential XOD inhibitors from flavonoids. Several …

Objective Allopurinol dosing has frequently been limited based on creatinine clearance
(CrCL), resulting in failure to achieve target serum urate (SU). The aim of this analysis was to …