The discovery that mammalian cells have the ability to synthesize the free radical nitric oxide
(NO) has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific research in all the fields of …

This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to
the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

Background: Current antipsychotics have only a limited effect on 2 core aspects of
schizophrenia: negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Minocycline is a second …

This review summarises the role that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play in
demyelination, such as that occurring in the inflammatory demyelinating disorders multiple …

Perinatal cerebral hypoxia–ischemia remains a frequent cause of the chronic handicapping
conditions of cerebral palsy, mental retardation, learning disability, and epilepsy. 1 …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …

Glutamine synthetase (GS) in brain is located mainly in astrocytes. One of the primary roles
of astrocytes is to protect neurons against excitotoxicity by taking up excess ammonia and …

Although oxidative stress has been extensively studied the last fifteen years, many
physicians and biologists are still sceptical concerning its interest in biology and medicine …

The biosynthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) share a number
of similarities. Two major forms of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) …