Methamphetamine (METH) use, and misuse are associated with severe socioeconomic
consequences. METH users develop tolerance, lose control over drug taking behaviors, and …

It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced cocaine craving increases progressively during
early abstinence and remains high during extended periods of time. Clinical evidence now …

Drug overdoses from opioids and stimulants are a major cause of mortality in the United
States. It is unclear if there are stable sex differences in overdose mortality for these drugs …

Social reinforcement-based treatments are effective for many, but not all, people with
addictions to drugs. We recently developed an operant rat model that mimics features of one …

Earlier research has presumed that the male and female biology is similar in most organs
except the reproductive system, leading to major misconceptions in research interpretations …

Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid,
has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used …

Studies using rodent models have shown that relapse to drug or food seeking increases
progressively during abstinence, a behavioral phenomenon termed “incubation of craving.” …

Opioid exposure and withdrawal both cause adaptations in brain circuits that may contribute
to abuse liability. These adaptations vary in magnitude and direction following different …

Abstract In 1986, Gawin and Kleber reported a progressive increase in cue-induced drug
craving in individuals with cocaine use disorders during prolonged abstinence. After years of …

Women report greater cigarette cravings during the menstrual cycle phase with higher
circulating levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), which is metabolized to estrone (E1). Both E2 and E1 …