A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that allows the use of brain
activity to control computers or other external devices. It can, by bypassing the peripheral …

This review is aimed at celebrating the upcoming 20th anniversary of the birth of human
functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). After the discovery in 1992 that the functional …

Neural ensembles oscillate across a broad range of frequencies and are transiently coupled
or" bound" together when people attend to a stimulus, perceive, think, and act. This is a …

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive, safe, and portable optical
neuroimaging method that can be used to assess brain dynamics during skill acquisition …

Two decades ago, the introduction of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) into the
field of neuroscience created new opportunities for investigating neural processes within the …

Although near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was developed as a tool for clinical monitoring
of tissue oxygenation, it also has potential for neuroimaging. A wide range of different NIRS …

There has been an increase in research interest for brain–computer interface (BCI)
technology as an alternate mode of communication and environmental control for the …

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which was originally designed for clinical monitoring of
tissue oxygenation, has been developing into a useful tool for neuroimaging studies …

Changes in optical properties of biological tissue can be examined by near-infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS). The relative transparency of tissues including the skull to near-infrared …

Described herein are fNIR-based brain computer interfaces. Training of individuals to
intentionally control neural activity in specific cortical areas, thereby up-regulating and down …