Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity
and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human …

Clinical, pathological, and imaging evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that a
smoldering inflammatory activity is present from the earliest stages of the disease and …

B cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet are found to have a protective role in viral
infections, but are also considered major players in the onset of different types of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease characterised by immune cell
infiltration resulting in lesions that preferentially affect periventricular areas of the brain …

Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) is characterized by MRI-typical brain lesions
fulfilling the 2009 Okuda criteria, detected in patients without clinical conditions suggestive …

Age/autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs) are a novel B cell subpopulation with a unique
transcriptional signature and cell surface phenotype. They are not sensitive to BCR but rely …

Background and Objectives Tertiary lymphoid structures and aggregates are reported in the
meninges of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), especially at the progressive stage, and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous
system that results in demyelination of axons, inefficient signal transmission and reduced …

Background and Objectives Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy
mediated by anti-AQP4 antibody–producing B cells. Recently, a B-cell subset highly …

The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of commensal microorganisms that
collectively form the microbiome and make essential contributions to organism homeostasis …