Diverse membrane fusion reactions in biology involve close contact between two lipid
bilayers, followed by the local distortion of the individual bilayers and reformation into a …

During membrane fusion, the outer leaflets of the two membranes merge first, whereas the
distal membrane leaflets remain separate until the opening of a fusion pore. This …

The Stern equation, a combination of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the Boltzmann
relation, and the Grahame equation from the theory of the diffuse double layer, provides a …

To fuse, membranes must bend. The energy of each lipid monolayer with respect to bending
is minimized at the spontaneous curvature of the monolayer. Two lipids known to promote …

Addition of membrane vesicles prepared from transverse tubule (T-tubule) membranes of
rabbit skeletal muscle to the aqueous phase of a planar lipid bilayer induces a stepwise …

The surface forces apparatus technique was used for measuring the adhesion, deformation,
and fusion of bilayers supported on mica surfaces in aqueous solutions. The most important …

Osmotic stress can be used to estimate the internal volume change during the opening and
closing of a voltage gated ionic channel. Mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels …

Despite diverse origins, cellular fusion mechanisms converge at a pathway of phospholipid
bilayer fusion. In this mini-review, we discuss how proteins can mediate each of the three …

Phospholipid bilayers were made from phospholipid monolayers at the air/water interface on
patch-clamp pipettes. Lipid bilayers were characterized using the K+ carrier nonactin and …

For the act of membrane fusion, there are two competing, mutually exclusive molecular
models that differ in the structure of the initial pore, the pathway for ionic continuity between …