Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Standard treatment options
include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and …

Tumor cells can evade immune surveillance by expressing immune checkpoint molecule
ligands, resulting in effective immune cell inactivation. Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) …

Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing field of medicine that aims to use the host's
immune mechanisms to inhibit and eliminate cancer cells. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD …

Background Bacteria-based cancer therapy have demonstrated innovative strategies to
combat tumors. Recent studies have focused on gram-negative bacterial outer membrane …

Purpose The aim of the study was to verify hypotheses: Are transforming growth factors
TGFβ1-3, their receptors TGFβI-III, and intracellular messenger proteins Smad1-7 involved …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex landscape composed of intrinsic and
extrinsic elements besides tumor cells including various immune cells, tumor-related stromal …

Adenosine promotes anti-tumor immune responses by modulating the functions of T-cells
and natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment; however, the role of adenosine …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest human cancers with very lim-ited
treatment options available. The malignant behavior of GBM is manifest in a tu-mor which is …

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types in women and its metastases cause
most patient deaths in the advanced stage of this disease. 1, 2, 3 Unfortunately, metastases …

Cancer is a dangerous disease caused by mutations in the host's genome that makes the
cells proliferate uncontrollably and disrupts bodily functions. The immune system tries to …