Bee venom (BV), a type of defensive venom, has been confirmed to have favorable
activities, such as anti-tumor, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-infectivity …

Allergic reactions to stings of Hymenoptera species may be severe and are potentially fatal
deviations of the immunological response observed in healthy individuals. However, venom …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by severe
cytokine storm syndrome following inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 directly interacts with …

Abstract Background Cold urticaria (ColdU), that is, the occurrence of wheals or
angioedema in response to cold exposure, is classified into typical and atypical forms. The …

Background Venom-induced anaphylaxis (VIA) is a common, potentially life-threatening
hypersensitivity reaction associated with (1) a specific symptom profile, 2) specific cofactors …

Background There is limited ability to predict the severity of allergic reactions in children.
Data derived predominantly from adults have implicated the platelet‐activating factor …

Hymenoptera venom (HV) is injected into the skin during a sting by Hymenoptera such as
bees or wasps. Some components of HV are potential allergens and can cause large local …

Abstract Purpose of Review To provide clinicians with an understanding of risk factors
associated with fatal anaphylaxis, and to promote individualized management plans with …

“Doctor, I cannot take any pain medications. I have mastocytosis.–Have you ever had a
reaction to aspirin, ibuprofen or other similar medications?–I have never tried since I was …

Background Since 2010, patients and physicians have collaborated to understand unmet
needs of patients with mast cell diseases, incorporating mastocytosis and mast cell …