Cellular transformation and tumor development result from an accumulation of mutational
and epigenetic changes that alter normal cell growth and survival pathways. For the last 100 …

Acetylcholine released by efferent vagus nerves inhibits macrophage activation. Here we
show that the anti-inflammatory action of nicotinic receptor activation in peritoneal …

Cytokine signaling via a restricted number of Jak-Stat pathways positively and negatively
regulates all cell types involved in the initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation …

NF-κB (RelA) is constitutively active in many cancers, where it upregulates antiapoptotic and
other oncogenic genes. While proinflammatory stimulus-induced NF-κB activation involves …

It has become evident that tumor-induced immuno-suppressive factors in the tumor
microenvironment play a major role in suppressing normal functions of effector T cells …

The failure of the immune system to provide protection against tumour cells is an important
immunological problem. It is now evident that inadequate function of the host immune …

In the past decade, basic studies in animal models have begun to elucidate the
physiological barriers which impede a successful antitumor immune response. These …

Simple Summary Glioblastoma is one of the most treatment-refractory human malignancies,
and despite techniques that have allowed scientists and clinicians to better understand the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is frequently activated in human
cancers, leading to malignant phenotypes such as autonomous cellular proliferation. Here …

Background The brain and the gut communicate bidirectionally through the autonomic
nervous system (ANS). The vagus nerve (VN), a major component of the ANS, plays a key …