Alcohol use and alcohol addiction represent dysfunctional brain circuits resulting from
neuroadaptive changes during protracted alcohol exposure and its withdrawal. Alcohol …

Over three decades of evidence indicate that dopamine (DA) D3 receptors (D3R) are
involved in the control of drug-seeking behavior and may play an important role in the …

Pain and stress are protective mechanisms essential in avoiding harmful or threatening
stimuli and ensuring survival. Despite these beneficial roles, chronic exposure to either pain …

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are hypothalamic neuropeptides classically
associated with their regulatory role in reproduction, water homeostasis, and social …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a mounting public health problem with substantial morbidity
and mortality. Stress involvement in the course of OUD is generally accepted, but little is …

Background Substance use disorder (SUD) is the continued use of one or more
psychoactive substances, including alcohol, despite negative effects on health, functioning …

Neuroendocrine tolerance to alcohol, ie, a blunted cortisol response to alcohol, has been
linked to Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (VmPFC) alcohol cue reactivity and relapse risk in …

Background Bariatric or weight loss surgery (WLS) may alter alcohol metabolism resulting in
a higher prevalence of problem drinking postoperatively. Few studies distinguish those who …

The identification of different stages within the alcohol use disorder (AUD) cycle that are
linked to neurocircuitry changes in pathophysiology associated with the negative emotional …

Rationale Stress exposure has been identified as one risk factor for alcohol abuse that may
facilitate the transition from social or regulated alcohol use to the development of alcohol …