BACKGROUND Total fertilization failure (TFF) is the failure of all metaphase II oocytes to
fertilize in ART cycles. The phenomenon represents a known cause of infertility, affecting 1 …

BACKGROUND Infertility and pregnancy loss are longstanding problems. Successful
fertilization and high-quality embryos are prerequisites for an ongoing pregnancy. Studies …

Various pathogenic factors can lead to oogenesis failure and seriously affect both female
reproductive health and fertility. Genetic factors play an important role in folliculogenesis and …

Peptidyl arginine deiminase 6 (PADI6) is a maternal factor that is vital for early embryonic
development. Deletion and mutations of its encoding gene in female mice or women lead to …

Early embryonic arrest denotes premature termination of development in pre-implantation
embryos, which is one of the major phenotypes of recurrent assisted reproduction failure …

Developmental arrest in preimplantation embryos is one of the major causes of assisted
reproduction failure. It is briefly defined as a delay or a failure of embryonic development in …

Peptidyl arginine deiminase, type VI (PADI6) is a member of the subcortical maternal
complex (SCMC), which plays vital roles in mammalian embryogenesis. Most mutations in …

Fertilization failure during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is often unpredictable,
as this failure is encountered only after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm …

Citrullination, the post-translational modification of arginine residues, is catalyzed by the four
catalytically active peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD or PADI) isozymes and alters charge to …

Amorphic or defected oocytes and embryos are commonly observed in assisted
reproductive technology (ART) laboratories. It is believed that a proper gene expression at …