Primary pain disorders (formerly “functional pain syndromes”) are common, under-
diagnosed and under-treated in children and teenagers. This manuscript reviews key …

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many physiological processes and several lines of evidence
have indicated that NO plays a complex and diverse role in the modulation of pain. Nitric …

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

[Frontiers in Bioscience 14, 5291-5338, June 1, 2009] 5291 Neurobiology of depression,
fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain Vladimi Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience 14, 5291-5338, June …

The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a conserved physiological system emerged as a novel
pharmacological target for its significant role and potential therapeutic benefits ranging from …

Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 1640–1647, 2014. The hypoalgesic effects of acute
exercise are well documented. However, the effect of chronic exercise training on pain …

Background: Psychopathology (depression, anxiety, somatization disorder) and substance
abuse (opioid mis-use and illicit drug use) are common in patients with chronic pain and …

Inflammation is a major characteristic of envenomation by snakes from viperine and
crotaline species. Bothrops asper snake venom elicits, among other alterations, a …

Multimodal analgesia refers to the practice of combining multiple analgesic drug classes or
techniques to target different points along the pain pathway in an effort to improve analgesia …

The evolution of technological advances in infrared sensor technology, image processing,"
smart" algorithms, knowledge-based databases, and their overall system integration has …