Stress and stress hormones, glucocorticoids (GCs), exert widespread actions in central
nervous system, ranging from the regulation of gene transcription, cellular signaling …

Stress affects cognition in a number of ways, acting rapidly via catecholamines and more
slowly via glucocorticoids. Catecholamine actions involve beta adrenergic receptors and …

Repeated restraint stress of rats for 21 days causes atrophy of apical dendrites of
hippocampal CA3c pyramidal neurons. This effect is mimicked by daily corticosterone …

An extensive literature demonstrates that glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids
secreted during stress, can have a broad range of deleterious effects in the brain. The …

Glucocorticoids play an important biphasic role in modulating neural plasticity; low doses
enhance neural plasticity and spatial memory behavior, whereas chronic, higher doses …

A number of studies indicate that prolonged, major depression is associated with a selective
loss of hippocampal volume that persists long after the depression has resolved. This review …

The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis, which was proposed by David Barker
in the United Kingdom in the late 1980s, posited that adult chronic diseases originated from …

I. Introduction P AST studies of antidepressants have focused almost exclusively on their
effects on the metabolism and receptors of monoamine neurotransmitters in various brain …

Recent intriguing reports have shown an association between major depression and
selective and persistent loss of hippocampal volume, prompting considerable speculation as …

It has long been recognized that much of the post-traumatic degeneration of the spinal cord
following injury is caused by a multi-factorial secondary injury process that occurs during the …