Growth factors and mitogens use the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade to transmit
signals from their receptors to regulate gene expression and prevent apoptosis. Some …

Abstract The PI3K/Akt signal transduction cascade has been investigated extensively for its
roles in oncogenic transformation. Initial studies implicated both PI3K and Akt in prevention …

Abstract The Ras/Raf/Mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade couples signals from cell surface receptors to …

The roles of the JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathways and
the BCR-ABL oncoprotein in leukemogenesis and their importance in the regulation of cell …

The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling cascades play critical roles in the
transmission of signals from growth factor receptors to regulate gene expression and …

The Drosophila insulin receptor (dInR) regulates cell growth and proliferation through the
dPI3K/dAkt pathway, which is conserved in metazoan organisms. Here we report the …

Within the last 15 years, multiple new signal transduction pathways within cells have been
discovered. Many of these pathways belong to what is now termed 'the mitogen-activated …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been implicated in diverse cellular processes
including apoptosis, cell survival, chemotaxis, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and …

Mitogen-activated protein (Map) kinases are widely expressed serine-threonine kinases that
mediate important regulatory signals in the cell. Three major groups of Map kinases exist …

Abstract The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway regulates cell cycle
progression and apoptosis in diverse types of cells. Mutations in this pathway are often …