The cellular environment where tumor cells reside is called the tumor microenvironment
(TME), which consists of borders, blood vessels, lymph vessels, extracellular matrix (ECM) …

Simple Summary Chronic inflammation is an important cause of multiple cancers. While
chronic inflammation is present in breast cancer and may influence its outcome, its role in …

Aging is closely associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer, yet there have
been limited systematic studies of aging-induced alterations in the mammary gland. Here …

Breast cancer has been shown to live in the tumor microenvironment, which consists of not
only breast cancer cells themselves but also a significant amount of pathophysiologically …

Although historically, the traditional bidimensional in vitro cell system has been widely used
in research, providing much fundamental information regarding cellular functions and …

Chemokines and chemokine receptors not only participate in the development of tissue
differentiation, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and immune regulation but also play an …

Increasing reports on epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical studies suggest that
dysfunction of the inflammatory reaction results in chronic illnesses such as cancer, arthritis …

The progression of breast cancer and its association with clinical outcome and treatment
remain largely unexplored. Accumulating data has highlighted the interaction between cells …

Macrophages are found in all tissues and regulate tissue morphogenesis during
development through trophic and scavenger functions. The colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF …

Abstract Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and
modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing …