Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that
play important roles in the early detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and …

Elimination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs is a critical endpoint to
eradicate HIV. One therapeutic intervention against latent HIV is “shock and kill.” This …

The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment
has been highly successful in controlling plasma viremia to undetectable levels. However, a …

Although combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant HIV-1 suppression
and improvement in immune function, persistent viral reservoirs remain that are refractory to …

The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens
through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLR s) are one type of …

Non-human primate (NHP) models are important for vaccine development and also
contribute to HIV cure research. Although none of the animal models are perfect, NHPs …

The molecular networks involved in the regulation of HIV replication, transcription, and
latency remain incompletely defined. To expand our understanding of these networks, we …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) express TLR7, a ssRNA-sensor encoded on the X
chromosome, which escapes X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in females. pDCs are …

The final obstacle to achieving a cure to HIV/AIDS is the presence of latent HIV reservoirs
scattered throughout the body. Although antiretroviral therapy maintains plasma viral loads …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication
and prevents disease progression but does not eradicate HIV-1. The persistence of a …