Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells
and require macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB …

Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which
include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

The bone is an essential organ for locomotion and protection of the body, as well as
hematopoiesis and mineral homeostasis. In order to exert these functions throughout life …

Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic
multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations …

Osteoclasts are unique cells that degrade the bone matrix. These large multinucleated cells
differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation by two essential …

Physiological bone remodeling is a highly coordinated process responsible for bone
resorption and formation and is necessary to repair damaged bone and to maintain mineral …

Bone undergoes continuous remodeling, which is homeostatically regulated by concerted
communication between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-degrading osteoclasts …

Osteoporosis is a pathological loss of bone mass due to an imbalance in bone remodeling
where osteoclast-mediated bone resorption exceeds osteoblast-mediated bone formation …

Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary research field focused on the molecular
understanding of the interplay between the immune and skeletal systems. Although …