Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that signal in virtually all cell types
to modulate tissue homeostasis throughout life. Also, synthetic GC derivatives …

Among the various members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, p38
MAPK subgroup is the most involved in airway and lung inflammation underlying asthma …

Background: Tobacco smoking is associated with more severe asthma symptoms, an
accelerated decline in lung function, and reduced responses to corticosteroids. Our …

Since COPD is a heterogeneous disease, a specific anti-inflammatory therapy for this
disease has not been established yet. Oxidative stress is recognized as a major …

Corticosteroid insensitivity is a key characteristic of patients with severe asthma and COPD.
These individuals experience greater pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation, which …

Background Asthma is usually associated with airway inflammation and airway remodeling.
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) often occurs in airway remodeling. The purpose of …

Purpose Chronic and persistent exposure to negative stress can lead to adverse
consequences on health. Particularly, psychosocial factors were found to increase the risk …

The airway smooth muscle (ASM) surrounding the airways is dysfunctional in both asthma
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting; increased contraction …

Inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs) are drugs widely used as treatment for asthma patients. They
prevent the recruitment and activation of lung immune and inflammatory cells and …

The use of 3D printing in pharmaceutics has grown over the last years, along with the
number of studies on the impact of the composition of these formulations on their …