Effectors are small, secreted molecules that mediate the establishment of interactions in
nature. While some concepts of effector biology have stood the test of time, this area of study …

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a dsDNA virus, belonging to Poxviridae family. The outbreak of
monkeypox disease in humans is critical in European and Western countries, owing to its …

This paper discusses the mechanisms by which fungi manipulate plant physiology and
suppress plant defense responses by producing effectors that can target various host …

Whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, is the prime candidate in shrimp aquaculture that
significantly contributes to the economic growth of the global aquaculture sector. However …

Predicting interactions between microbes and hosts plays critical roles in microbiome
population genetics and microbial ecology and evolution. How to systematically characterize …

The study of molecular mechanisms of plant stress response is important for
agrobiotechnology applications as it was discussed at series of recent bioinformatics …

Aim: A 12 day old male baby was referred from outside was admitted with chief complaint of
generalized yellow discoloration and anemia. Baby had already underwent Double Volume …

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infects the peanut seeds during pre-and post-harvest stages,
causing seed quality destruction for humans and livestock consumption. Even though many …

The study of molecular interactions, especially the inter-species protein-protein interactions,
is crucial for understanding the disease infection mechanism in plants. These interactions …

The increasing infectious diseases in wheat immensely reduce crop yield and quality, thus
affecting global wheat production. The evolution in phytopathogens hinders the …