Recent progress in synthesis, characterization, processing and application of polyaniline
(PANI), with the focus on the period 2010–2012, is reviewed. Special attention was paid to …

Carbon materials such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous
carbon have attracted a lot of attention for their use in fuel cells, due to beneficial properties …

Engineering carbon materials as the bifunctional catalysts for both electrocatalytic oxygen
reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is highly promising for the large-scale …

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) one of the two half-reactions in fuel cells is one of
the bottlenecks that has prevented fuel cells from finding a wide range of applications today …

Abstract Aluminum–air (Al–air) batteries, both primary and secondary, are promising
candidates for their use as electric batteries to power electric and electronic devices, utility …

Electrocatalysis is one of the most promising energy conversion technologies in generating
sustainable and clean energy sources to remedy excessive consumption of traditional fossil …

Nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres with tunable porosity are investigated as
electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The materials were synthesized by …

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology to recover electrical energy from
different types of waste. However, the power density of MFCs for practical applications is …

An earth-abundant and feasible air cathode electrocatalyst is of importance for energy
devices including fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Herein, hierarchically porous S, N-co …

Nitrogen-doped carbon (N/C) and graphene (N/G) were synthesized by the established
conventional heat-treatment method, and the incorporation of nitrogen into the carbon matrix …