The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2) in
Wuhan, China, which rapidly grew into a global pandemic, marked the third introduction of a …

Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional
vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial …

In terms of cost-efficiency, biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and scalability, green
nanoparticle (NP) synthesis is a novel field of nanotechnology that outperforms both …

Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused
by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the …

Incidents of viral outbreaks have increased at an alarming rate over the past decades. The
most recent human coronavirus known as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has already spread …

The host immune system is highly compromised in case of viral infections and relapses are
very common. The capacity of the virus to destroy the host cell by liberating its own DNA or …

Currently green synthesis of nanoparticles has attained much interest because of their safe
nature, environmentally benign, ease in manufacturing, and low production cost. It is a …

Induced tolerogenic dendritic cells are a powerful immunotherapy for autoimmune disease
that have shown promise in laboratory models of disease and early clinical trials. In contrast …

Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are
responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as …

This review tries to summarize the purpose of steadily developing surface-functionalized
nanoparticles for various bio-applications and represents a fascinating and rapidly growing …