Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

As a preformed defense system, complement faces a delicate challenge in providing an
immediate, forceful response to pathogens even at first encounter, while sparing host cells in …

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a short pentraxin mainly found as a pentamer in the circulation,
or as non-soluble monomers CRP (mCRP) in tissues, exerting different functions. This …

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a homodimeric vasoactive glycoprotein, is
the key mediator of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is …

Innate immunity includes a cellular and a humoral arm. PTX3 is a fluid-phase pattern
recognition molecule conserved in evolution which acts as a key component of humoral …

Inflammation is a complex process of the body in response to pathogen infections or
dysregulated metabolism, involving the recruitment and activation of immune system …

Complement is the major humoral component of the innate immune system. It recognizes
pathogen-and damage-associated molecular patterns, and initiates the immune response in …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary global cause of death, and inflammation is a
crucial factor in the development of CVDs. The acute phase inflammatory protein pentraxin 3 …

Abstract Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is the prototype of the long pentraxin subfamily, an acute-phase
protein consisting of a C-terminal pentraxin domain and a unique N-terminal domain. PTX3 …

The functions of pentraxins, like C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid protein P (SAP)
and pentraxin-3 (PTX3), are to coordinate spatially and temporally targeted clearance of …