New approaches to control the spread of tuberculosis (TB) are needed, including tools to
predict development of active TB from latent TB infection (LTBI). Recent studies have …

The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on human latent
tuberculosis infection (LTBI) based on clinical studies and observations, as well as …

Emerging and re-emerging bacterial infections are a serious threat to human and animal
health. Extracellular bacteria are free-living, while facultative intracellular bacteria replicate …

Tuberculosis (TB) is an international public health priority and kills almost two million people
annually. TB is out of control in Africa due to increasing poverty and HIV coinfection, and …

Latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LTBI) is defined by the presence of M.
tuberculosis-specific immunity in the absence of active tuberculosis. LTBI is detected using …

Tuberculosis ranges among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A
diagnostic approach to a patient with possible tuberculosis includes a detailed medical …

New approaches to control tuberculosis (TB) worldwide are needed. In particular, new tools
for diagnosis and new biomarkers are required to evaluate both pathogen and host key …

Background: Current immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) are based on the
detection of an immune response toward mycobacterial antigens injected into the skin or …

IGRAs may still be useful in high-burden settings in specific subgroups at high risk of
progression, including young children, HIV-infected individuals and healthcare workers, but …

Rationale: The optimal strategy for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection is
controversial. Adoption of a two-step strategy (tuberculin skin test [TST] followed by an IFN-γ …