Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Cancer is now considered a tumor microenvironment (TME) disease, although it was
originally thought to be a cell and gene expression disorder. Over the past 20 years …

The responses of patients to tumor therapies vary due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor
stratification has been attracting increasing attention for accurately distinguishing between …

After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide with
devastating health and economic consequences, particularly in developing countries. Inter …

Tissue engineering has produced innovative tools for cancer research. 3D cancer models
based on molecularly designed biomaterials aim to harness the dimensionality and …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with
an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective …

Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical
trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical …

The tumor microenvironment consists of diverse, complex etiological factors. The matrix
component of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) plays an important role not only in …

As an emerging technology relevant to materials science, 3D printing technology simplifies
material production process, shortens the preparation cycle, and provides a broader space …

Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells, resulting in the formation of
tumors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a variety of cell types present within a …