Insects in agroecosystems contend with many stressors–eg, chemicals, heat, nutrient
deprivation–that are often encountered at low levels. Exposure to mild stress is now well …

Developmental plasticity describes situations where a specific input during an individual's
development produces a lasting alteration in phenotype. Some instances of developmental …

The field of dose–response has received attention from the early modern period in the
history of science. While it was thought that linear dose–response is the rule of thumb …

Ecological backlashes such as insecticide resistance, resurgence and secondary pest
outbreaks are frequent problems associated with insecticide use against arthropod pest …

Reef-building corals provide the foundation for the structural and biological diversity of coral-
reef ecosystems. These massive biological structures, which can be seen from space, are …

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity provides a mechanism of developmental rescue in novel and
rapidly changing environments. Understanding the underlying mechanism of plasticity is …

Most organisms, including ourselves, are exposed to environmental stressors at various
points during life, and responses to such stressors have been optimised by evolution to give …

Hormesis is a toxicological phenomenon whereby exposures to low doses of stress result in
biological stimulation. The hormetic dose response is now recognized as a dominant …

The term “stress” is used to describe important phenomena at multiple levels of biological
organization, but finding a general and rigorous definition of the concept has proven …

The biphasic hormetic response to stress, defined by low-dose stimulation and high-dose
inhibition is frequently observed in insects. Various molecular and biochemical responses …