The “style of life is the unique way in which individuals try to realize their fictional final goal
and meet or avoid the three main tasks of life: work, community, love”(Alfred Adler, founder …

Transport of ions through pores in membranes is a process of fundamental importance to
cell biology. In living organisms, such transport is facilitated by ion channels that utilize the …

Nicotine dependence is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNB4-
CHRNA3-CHRNA5 gene cluster encoding the α3β4α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor …

Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption,
but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of …

Chronic tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide.
In the lung, tobacco smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, and also causes chronic …

Tobacco smoking is highly addictive and causes respiratory disease, cardiovascular
disease and multiple types of cancer. Electronic‐cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) are non …

The harm produced by tobacco products is a result of frequent use of a highly toxic product.
Reducing the adverse public health impact of tobacco products might be most effectively …

Polysubstance abuse is common among substance-use disorder patients, and nicotine is
one of the most commonly co-used substances. Epidemiological and clinical laboratory …

Accumulating evidence suggests that nicotine, a drug that stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors, may be of therapeutic value in Parkinson's disease. Beneficial effects may be …

Introduction The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline has greater
efficacy than other pharmacotherapeutic aids for smoking cessation. This presents an …