Diabetes mellitus has profound effects on multiple organ systems; however, the loss of
vision caused by diabetic retinopathy might be one of the most impactful in a patient's life …

The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) revolutionized both clinical assessment
and research of vitreoretinal conditions. Since then, extraordinary advances have been …

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have revolutionized the
treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). However, many …

Major advances in diagnostic technologies are offering unprecedented insight into the
condition of the retina and beyond ocular disease. Digital images providing millions of …

The advent of computer graphic processing units, improvement in mathematical models and
availability of big data has allowed artificial intelligence (AI) using machine learning (ML) …

The visualization and assessment of retinal microvasculature are important in the study,
diagnosis, monitoring, and guidance of treatment of ocular and systemic diseases. With the …

The concept of diabetic retinopathy as a microvascular disease has evolved, in that it is now
considered a more complex diabetic complication in which neurodegeneration plays a …

Background/aims Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is an important technique to
evaluate diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other retinal diseases. The interpretation of FFA …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been developed to visualize the …

Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), or subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD), refer to distinct
lesions that occur in the subretinal space. Over the past three decades, their presence in …