The vast majority of peripheral neurons sensing noxious stimuli and conducting pain signals
to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord utilize glutamate as a chemical transmitter of excitation …

Background Peripheral inflammation and nerve injury evoke pain behaviours in adult
rodents mediated by sensitization, a process that involves the activation of microglia in the …

Aim Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a frequently observed consequence of sepsis,
often resulting in chronic brain inflammation and injury, ultimately leading to a range of …

Damage to the peripheral or central nervous system results in neuropathic pain. Based on a
complicated mechanism, neuropathic pain has no efficient treatment so far. It has been well …

Chronic visceral pain is the predominant symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders
and chronic pancreatitis. Such pain can impair the patients' quality of life, and can also serve …

Minocycline protects against asthma independently of its antibiotic function and was recently
reported as a potent poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In an animal model of …

Background. Visceral pain is one of the most common types of pain and particularly in the
abdomen is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Bulleyaconitine A (BAA), isolated …

Objective Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes and pain
is one of the main symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, however, currently available drugs are …

Introduction Neuropathic pain is a complex, chronic pain state that is usually accompanied
by tissue injury. With neuropathic pain, the nerve fibers themselves may be damaged …

The research on sex differences in nociception and antinociception as well as sex and
gender differences in pain and analgesia is a maturing field. There is a vast literature …