Abstract Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms
of their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits and controlled versus …

Two decades of cross-species neuroscience research on rapid action-stopping in the
laboratory has provided motivation for an underlying prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit. Here …

The ability to make decisions and act quickly without hesitation can be advantageous in
many settings. However, when persistently expressed, impulsive decisions and actions are …

Cognitive flexibility, the readiness with which one can selectively switch between mental
processes to generate appropriate behavioral responses, develops in a protracted manner …

Clicking is one of the most robust metaphors for social connection. But how do we know
when two people" click"? We asked pairs of friends and strangers to talk with each other and …

A growing preclinical and clinical body of work on the effects of chronic drug use and drug
addiction has extended the scope of inquiry from the putative reward-related subcortical …

In our TICS Review in 2004, we proposed that a sector of the right inferior frontal cortex
(rIFC) in humans is critical for inhibiting response tendencies. Here we survey new …

Unexpected events are part of everyday experience. They come in several varieties—action
errors, unexpected action outcomes, and unexpected perceptual events—and they lead to …

Classically, the basal ganglia have been considered to have a role in producing habitual
and goal-directed behaviours. In this article, we review recent evidence that expands this …

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has a near-ubiquitous presence in the
neuroscience of cognitive control. It has been implicated in a diversity of functions, from …