Psychoactive natural products play an integral role in the modern world. The tremendous
structural complexity displayed by such molecules confers diverse biological activities of …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

The salvinorins serve as templates for next generation analgesics, antipruritics, and
dissociative hallucinogens via selective and potent agonism of the kappa-opioid receptor …

Over the past two decades, the opioid epidemic in the United States and Canada has
evidenced the need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of medications …

Pain remains a very pervasive problem throughout medicine. Classical pain management is
achieved through the use of opiates belonging to the mu opioid receptor (MOR) class, which …

Salvia divinorum is a perennial sage native to Oaxaca, Mexico, that has been used
traditionally in divination rituals and as a treatment for the “semimagical” disease panzón de …

The second extracellular (E2) loop of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays an
essential but poorly understood role in the binding of non-peptidic small molecules. We …

The opium poppy, PapaVer somniferum, is one of several plants that have profoundly
affected human history. 1 It has provided an unmatched medicine for the relief of pain for …

Different families of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been engineered to provide
exclusive control over the activation of these receptors and thus to understand better the …

Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone are extracts or analogs isolated from a
single source: the opium poppy. For a long time, it was believed to be nature's only source of …