Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the mechanisms in the development of
orbital fractures. Methods: This is a comprehensive literature review that summarizes the …

Objective Advanced three-dimensional (3D) diagnostics and preoperative planning are the
first steps in computer-assisted surgery (CAS). They are an integral part of the workflow, and …

Purpose Reconstruction of orbital wall fractures is demanding and has improved
dramatically with the implementation of new technologies. True-to-original accuracy of …

This review aims to develop an evidence-based pathway for isolated adult orbital blowout
fractures. Evaluation of assessment methods, outcome measures, imaging modalities, and …

Postoperative diplopia is the most common complication following orbital fracture repair
(OFR). Existing evidence on its risk factors is based on single-institution studies and small …

Purpose We present our experience of titanium-milled two-piece patient-specific implants
(PSIs) for primary reconstructions of extensive orbital floor and medial wall fractures …

Purpose The management of orbital blowout fractures (BOFs) is controversial: the evaluation
of diplopia is the most important criterion for planning whether to undertake surgery. Our aim …

There is ample investigation into the optimal timing and approach to orbital blowout fracture
(OBF) repair; however, less attention has been directed toward postoperative care. This is a …

Purpose We conducted a review of orbital fractures treated in our hospital over a period of 4
years. We reviewed several complications of such fractures, especially the relationship of …

Methods: A single institution, retrospective review at a regional level 1 trauma center was
conducted. Patients with orbital fractures were identified by International Classification of …