Purpose Covid-19 is a global threat that pushes health care to its limits. Since there is
neither a vaccine nor a drug for Covid-19, people with an increased risk for severe and fatal …

Aims To estimate the association of smoking status with rates of (i) infection,(ii)
hospitalization,(iii) disease severity and (iv) mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 disease …

Background There are few primary care studies of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to
identify demographic and clinical risk factors for testing positive for severe acute respiratory …

In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some unique clinical
features have been described [1]. In a report of 44,672 cases from China, a case fatality rate …

Westernized populations are plagued by a plethora of chronic non-infectious degenerative
diseases, termed as “civilization diseases”, like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases …

The factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show
that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of angiotensin converting …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for the physiology and pathology of all the
organs. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) maintains the homeostasis of RAS as a …

A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019 in China and rapidly spread
worldwide. As no approved therapeutics exists to treat COVID-19, the disease associated to …

The effects of smoking on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently unknown.
The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the prevalence of current smoking …

Background/Purpose Current studies on pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are
rare. The clinical characteristics and spectrum are still unknown. Facing this unknown and …