The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an intracellular signaling network largely controlled
by three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane proteins, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α …

Endocytosis plays a crucial role in receptor signalling. VEGFR2 (also known as KDR) and its
ligand VEGFA are fundamental in neovascularisation. However, our understanding of the …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle where secretory and membrane proteins
are synthesized and folded. Unfolded proteins that are retained within the ER can cause ER …

Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed,
by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive
mechanism that is activated upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and aims at …

To survive inhospitable environments, tumor cells are forced to remodel their signaling
pathways by altering transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. This …

Gliomas remain a group of malignant brain tumors with dismal prognosis and limited
treatment options with molecular mechanisms being constantly investigated. The past …

Different stressful conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, pH changes, or reduced
vascularization, potentially able to act as growth‐limiting factors for tumor cells, activate the …

The cellular adaptive response to hypoxia relies on the expression of hypoxia-inducible
factors (HIFs), HIF-1 and HIF-2. HIFs regulate global gene expression changes during …

Within the cell, several mechanisms exist to maintain homeostasis of the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER). One of the primary mechanisms is the unfolded protein response (UPR). In …