For more than three decades, it has been recognized that Ixodes ricinus ticks occur in urban
green space in Europe and that they harbour multiple pathogens linked to both human and …

The Lyme borreliosis complex is a heterogeneous group of tick-borne spirochaetes of the
genus Borrelia (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) that are distributed all over the temperate …

ABSTRACT In Europe, Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies causing Lyme borreliosis are
mainly transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. Since its discovery, B. burgdorferi has been the …

Background. In the northern hemisphere, ticks of the Ixodidae family are vectors of diseases
such as Lyme borreliosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tick-borne encephalitis. Most of …

Background The Western Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus often causes devastating or
lethal disease. In Europe, the number of human TBE cases has increased dramatically over …

Ticks are known vectors for a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Their role in the
transmission of some others is so far only suspected. Ticks can transmit multiple pathogens …

The importance of established and emerging tick-borne pathogens in Central and Northern
Europe is steadily increasing. In 2007, we collected Ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on birds (n …

Urbanisation causes significant changes to species composition, species interactions and
ecological and evolutionary processes. Changes in host–parasite interactions have the …

The prevalence and diversity of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria (Borrelia spp., Anaplasma
phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, and spotted fever group rickettsiae) infecting 253 small …

Ixodes ricinus, as vector, and small mammals, as reservoirs, are implicated in pathogen
transmission between wild fauna, domestic animals and humans at the woodland–pasture …