BACKGROUND Human male infertility has a notable genetic component, including well-
established diagnoses such as Klinefelter syndrome, Y-chromosome microdeletions and …

It is estimated that infertility affects 8–12% of couples globally, with a male factor being a
primary or contributing cause in approximately 50% of couples. Causes of male subfertility …

Background P-element–induced wimpy testis (PIWI)–interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are short
(21 to 35 nucleotides in length) and noncoding and are found almost exclusively in germ …

Azoospermia affects 1% of men, and it can be due to:(i) hypothalamic-pituitary
dysfunction,(ii) primary quantitative spermatogenic disturbances,(iii) urogenital duct …

Approximately 7% of men suffer from fertility problems, the etiology of which are ascribable
to a number of factors acting at pretesticular, posttesticular, or testicular levels. About 20% of …

Background Crypto-and azoospermia (very few/no sperm in the semen) are main
contributors to male factor infertility. Genetic causes for spermatogenic failure (SPGF) …

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility and typically
incurable. Defining the genetic basis of NOA has proven challenging, and the most …

Male infertility is an increasing and serious medical concern, though the mechanism
remains poorly understood. Impaired male reproductive function affects approximately half …

Purpose Azoospermia affects 1% of men and it can be the consequence of spermatogenic
maturation arrest (MA). Although the etiology of MA is likely to be of genetic origin, only 13 …

Infertility is considered a major public health issue, and approximately 1 out of 6 people
worldwide suffer from infertility during their reproductive lifespans. Thanks to technological …