Scholars have argued for centuries that affective states involve interoception, or
representations of the state of the body. Yet, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how …

The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized
physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated …

Interoception, the representation of the body's internal state, is increasingly recognized for
informing subjective wellbeing and promoting regulatory behavior. However, few empirical …

In an abstract sense, the immune system is tasked to monitor and interpret insults and
potential threats from the external world and mount appropriate defensive actions …

The emerging field of bioelectronic medicine (BEM) is poised to make a significant impact on
the treatment of several neurological and inflammatory disorders. With several BEM …

Forensic institutions throughout the world house patients with severe psychiatric illness and
history of criminal violations. Improved medical care, hygiene, psychiatric treatment, and …

Skin is now emerging as a complex realm of three chief systems viz. immune system,
nervous system, and endocrine system. The cells involved in their intricate crosstalk, namely …

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), often called concussion, is a prevalent condition that can
have significant implications for people's health, functioning and well-being. Current clinical …

Chronic conditions, sometimes referred to as functional somatic disorders, such as myalgic
encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), fibromyalgia (FM), and more …

The fundamental causes of cognitive disorders from acute delirium to chronic dementia are
incompletely understood at the level of brain matter, such as neural networks, cells and …