Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important and common noncommunicable condition
globally. In national and international guidelines, CKD is defined and staged according to …

Results From 433 studies, 15 new studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed
together with five studies from the 2012 review. These included 13 cross-sectional surveys …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly comorbid with hypertension,
diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the extent of comorbidity in CKD …

Background There is increased interest in understanding why chronic kidney disease (CKD)
rates vary across races and socioeconomic groups. We investigated the distribution of …

Background Socioeconomic status (SES) has long been conjectured to be associated with
the incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but few studies have …

Limited health literacy is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has
been variably associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The prevalence of limited health …

It is unclear whether a social gradient in health outcomes exists for people with moderate-to-
severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). We critically review the literature for evidence of …

Background Many publications report the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the
general population. Comparisons across studies are hampered as CKD prevalence …

When assessing changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) it is important to differentiate
pathological change from intrinsic biological and analytical variation. GFR is measured …

Background To reduce over-diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) resulting from the
inaccuracy of creatinine-based estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), UK and …