According to epidemiological studies, twice as many women as men are affected by irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS) in western countries, suggesting a role for sex hormones in IBS …

Lignans are present in a wide range of foods consumed daily in the Western world such as
flaxseed and other seeds, as well as vegetables, fruits and beverages such as coffee, tea …

Impaired epithelial barrier function and estrogens are recognized as factors influencing
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathology and disease course. Estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) …

Oestradiol modulates paracellular permeability and tight junction (TJ) function in endothelia
and reproductive tissues, but whether the ovarian hormones and cycle affect the paracellular …

Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition
and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of idiopathic chronic intestinal
inflammation syndromes that are very common in developed countries. It is characterized by …

Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic forms of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) whose pathogenesis is only poorly understood. Estrogens have a complex …

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men and women in Western
countries. Epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of fruits and vegetables to a …

Abstract T cells, especially CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of
specific autoimmune diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti …

The full-length oestrogen receptor (ER) exists in most vertebrates as two separately
encoded isoforms. ER splice variants represent truncated or otherwise modified versions of …