Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-treatments bring significant benefit for patients harboring
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, especially for those with lung cancer …

PI3-kinase and PTEN are major positive and negative regulators, respectively, of the PI3-
kinase pathway, which regulates growth, survival, and proliferation. These key signaling …

MicroRNAs are emerging as important regulators of cancer-related processes. The miR-21
microRNA is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers and has been causally linked to …

Cancers originally develop from normal cells that gain the ability to proliferate aberrantly and
eventually turn malignant. These cancerous cells then grow clonally into tumors and …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor‐initiating cells (TICs) as a small subset of neoplastic
cells are able to produce a tumor (tumorigenesis), maintain the population of tumorigenic …

Background Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occurs
frequently in prostate cancers. Preclinical evidence suggests that activation of PI3K/AKT …

To more comprehensively assess the pathogenic contribution of the PTEN-PI3K-AKT
pathway to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), we examined diagnostic DNA …

Six genes confer a high risk for developing breast cancer (BRCA1/2, TP53, PTEN, STK11,
CDH1). Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 have DNA repair functions, and BRCA1/2 deficient tumors …

Mutations in the PTEN, TP53, and RB1 pathways are obligate events in the pathogenesis of
human glioblastomas. We induced various combinations of deletions in these tumor …