Cancer is a severe public health issue that is a leading cause of mortality globally. It is also
an impediment to improving life expectancy worldwide. Furthermore, the global burden of …

The process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental for embryonic
morphogenesis. Cells undergoing it lose epithelial characteristics and integrity, acquire …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in
intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are major
factors contributing to the metastasis of cancer cells. Consequently, the signaling pathways …

Despite the success of targeted therapies in cancer treatment, therapy-induced resistance
remains a major obstacle to a complete cure. Tumor cells evade treatments and relapse via …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process during which cells lose their epithelial
characteristics, for instance apical–basal cell polarity and cell–cell contact, and gain …

Background Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a recently discovered angiogenetic process
found in many malignant tumors, and is different from the traditional angiogenetic process …

Cutaneous melanoma remains the most lethal of the primary cutaneous neoplasms, and
although the incidence of primary melanoma continues to rise, the mortality from metastatic …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related
cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the phenomenon in which cancer cells simultaneously
develop resistance to a broad spectrum of structurally and mechanistically unrelated drugs …