Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by …

Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused
several epidemics and pandemics in recent history. In this review, we will discuss the …

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-
stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Background SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa has been characterized by a less severe
disease profile than what has been observed elsewhere, but the profile of SARS-CoV-2 …

Understanding the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to vaccine development,
epidemiological surveillance, and control strategies for this disease. This review provides …

The powerful immune responses elicited by the mRNA vaccines targeting the SARS-CoV-2
Spike protein contribute to their high efficacy. Yet, their efficacy can vary greatly between …

Identifying the molecular mechanisms that promote optimal immune responses to
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is critical for future rational vaccine …

SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination generates enormous host-response heterogeneity
and an age-dependent loss of immune-response quality. How the pre-exposure T cell …

Bacteria are well known to provide heterologous immunity against viral infections through
various mechanisms including the induction of innate trained immunity and adaptive cross …

The gut microbiota is essential for good health. It has also been demonstrated that the gut
microbiota can regulate immune responses against respiratory tract infections. Since the …