During chronic stimulation, CD8+ T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype characterized by
expression of inhibitory receptors, down-modulation of effector function, and metabolic …

Inhibitors of the Programmed Cell Death 1: Programmed Cell Death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1: PD-
L1) pathway, a central regulator of T cell exhaustion, have been recently shown to be …

During chronic viral infections and in cancer, T cells become dysfunctional, a state known as
T cell exhaustion. Although it is well recognized that memory CD8 T cells account for the …

T memory stem (TSCM) cells are a rare subset of memory lymphocytes endowed with the
stem cell–like ability to self-renew and the multipotent capacity to reconstitute the entire …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

Improving effector activity of antigen-specific T cells is a major goal in cancer
immunotherapy. Despite the identification of several effector T cell (T EFF)-driving …

Immunotherapy is now the standard of care for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),
yet many patients fail to respond. A major unmet goal is the boosting of T-cells with both …

WNT–β-catenin signalling is involved in a multitude of developmental processes and the
maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation …

Central memory CD8+ T cells (Tcm) control systemic secondary infections and can protect
from chronic infection and cancer as a result of their stem-cell-like capacity to expand …

Immunological memory is a cardinal feature of adaptive immunity and an important goal of
vaccination strategies. Here we highlight advances in the understanding of the diverse T …