Abstract Despite islands contributing only 6.7% of land surface area, they harbor~ 20% of
the Earth's biodiversity, but unfortunately also~ 50% of the threatened species and 75% of …

Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in the context of widespread human
modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how biodiversity has changed in recent …

Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances in ecology, evolution and
conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved in this region, and …

Island biogeography is the study of the spatio‐temporal distribution of species, communities,
assemblages or ecosystems on islands and other isolated habitats. Island diversity is …

Global change increasingly threatens nature, endangering the ecosystem services human
wellbeing depends upon. Biodiversity potentially mediates these impacts by providing …

Islands have long been recognized as distinctive evolutionary arenas leading to
morphologically divergent species, such as dwarfs and giants. We assessed how body size …

Human activities have drastically reshaped global forest ecosystems in recent decades.
However, identifying the origins, magnitude, and primary effects of these actions, especially …

Humans have made such dramatic and permanent changes to Earth's landscapes that much
of it is now substantially and irreversibly altered from its preanthropogenic state. Remote …

Ancient environmental DNA (aeDNA) data are close to enabling insights into past global-
scale biodiversity dynamics at unprecedented taxonomic extent and resolution. However …

Roughly 2 billion ha of land are degraded and in need of ecological restoration worldwide.
Active restoration frequently involves revegetation, which leads to the dilemma of whether to …