[HTML][HTML] How do immune cells overcome the blood–brain barrier in multiple sclerosis?

C Larochelle, JI Alvarez, A Prat - FEBS letters, 2011 - Elsevier
The presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts the movement of soluble mediators
and leukocytes from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). Leukocyte entry into …

Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

A Prat, J Antel - Current opinion in neurology, 2005 - journals.lww.com
Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis : Current Opinion in Neurology Pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis : Current Opinion in Neurology Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new …

Angiotensin II controls occludin function and is required for blood–brain barrier maintenance: relevance to multiple sclerosis

K Wosik, R Cayrol, A Dodelet-Devillers… - Journal of …, 2007 - Soc Neuroscience
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts molecular and cellular trafficking between the blood
and the CNS. Although astrocytes are known to control BBB permeability, the molecular …

The blood–brain barrier induces differentiation of migrating monocytes into Th17-polarizing dendritic cells

I Ifergan, H Kebir, M Bernard, K Wosik… - Brain, 2008 - academic.oup.com
Trafficking of antigen-presenting cells into the CNS is essential for lymphocyte reactivation
within the CNS compartment. Although perivascular dendritic cells found in inflammatory …

Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in autoimmune disease

IJ Crane, JV Forrester - Critical Reviews™ in Immunology, 2005 - dl.begellhouse.com
This review reconsiders how the Th1/Th2 paradigm can be applied to Th1-mediated
autoimmune disease. Although there is evidence that autoimmune diseases such as …

Central nervous system recruitment of effector memory CD8+ T lymphocytes during neuroinflammation is dependent on α4 integrin

I Ifergan, H Kebir, JI Alvarez, G Marceau, M Bernard… - Brain, 2011 - academic.oup.com
Clonally expanded CD8+ T lymphocytes are present in multiple sclerosis lesions, as well as
in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. In experimental autoimmune …

Statins reduce human blood–brain barrier permeability and restrict leukocyte migration: relevance to multiple sclerosis

I Ifergan, K Wosik, R Cayrol, H Kébir… - Annals of …, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
Objective Dysregulation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and transendothelial migration of
immune cells are among the earliest central nervous system changes partaking in lesion …

Lipoic acid inhibits expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by CNS endothelial cells and T cell migration into the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune …

P Chaudhary, GH Marracci, DN Bourdette - Journal of neuroimmunology, 2006 - Elsevier
Lipoic acid (LA) suppresses and treats murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
(EAE), which models multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which LA mediates its …

Establishment of a new conditionally immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cell line retaining an in vivo blood–brain barrier function

Y Sano, F Shimizu, M Abe, T Maeda… - Journal of cellular …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
The breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) has been considered to be a key step in the
disease process of a number of neurological disorders such as cerebral ischemia and …

Expression of chemokines and their receptors by human brain endothelium: implications for multiple sclerosis

EA Subileau, P Rezaie, HA Davies… - … of Neuropathology & …, 2009 - academic.oup.com
Leukocyte migration into the central nervous system (CNS) is mediated by chemokines
expressed on CNS endothelial cell surfaces. This study investigated the production of …